General Purpose Registers: B, C, D, E, H, and L. These can be used individually or as pairs (BC, DE, HL) to hold 16-bit data.
Includes the Accumulator (8-bit), six general-purpose registers (B, C, D, E, H, L), the Program Counter (16-bit), and the Stack Pointer (16-bit). Timing and Control Unit:
ALE (Address Latch Enable): Used to demultiplex the AD0–AD7 bus.
Gaonkar is famous for his detailed block diagrams. Instead of treating the 8085 as a "black box," he breaks it down. microprocessor 8085 ppt by gaonkar
A 16-bit register pointing to the current top of the stack in RAM memory. Slide 5: The Status Flag Register Slide Title: Understanding the 8085 Flags
By locating or building a PPT that follows Gaonkar’s structured methodology, you are not just memorizing pins and opcodes. You are learning the fundamental logic that runs every embedded device around you.
Can be combined to handle 16-bit data or addresses as HLcap H cap L The HLcap H cap L Pair: Acts as a memory pointer ( ) targeting specific memory locations. General Purpose Registers: B, C, D, E, H, and L
The 8085 instruction set is classified based on the functional role of the instruction, as explained by Gaonkar. 4.1 Addressing Modes
From an optimization perspective, the keyword is long-tail and high-intent.
Lowest priority, non-vectored interrupt. Requires an external device to provide the opcode vector via the data bus after an interrupt acknowledgment ( INTA¯modified INTA with bar above Timing and Control Unit: ALE (Address Latch Enable):
The fundamental first machine cycle of every single instruction. Slide 11: Interrupt Structure of the 8085 Slide Title: Managing External Hardware Interrupts
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